The Ins and Outs of Mortgage Closing Costs

When buying a home there are many steps to the process. Once you have made an offer, you need to make sure you have money for a down payment, but that is not all the money you will need to bring to the table. Many home buyers do not take into account closing costs. This can come as an unpleasant surprise, but if you understand closing costs and have saved for them, the home-buying process will run much smoother.

First, you will need to understand what closing costs actually are. This is important to the buyer

because most of the closing costs are the buyer’s responsibility. Closing costs consist of the many fees for the services and expenses it takes to finalize a mortgage. Typically they are broken down into property-related fees, loan-related fees, mortgage insurance fees, property tax and homeowners insurance and title fees.

More importantly, is how much are closing costs? The amount usually runs between 2% and 5% of your loan amount. So if you have a $300,000 home purchase, your closing costs would run between $6,000 to $15,000. The best way to pay for them is out of pocket all at once. Some lenders do allow you to finance them by merging them into the loan, but you will end up paying more because of interest over the life of the mortgage. Some states, counties and cities offer low-interest rate loan programs and grants for first time home buyer’s closing costs.

Next, let’s look at the property-related fees that are included in the closing costs. These include the appraisal fee and the home inspection fee. When purchasing a home you will need to know how much the property is worth and what shape the property is in. A certified professional appraiser will be sent to the home to evaluate the home’s worth. This is very important when obtaining a mortgage. The lender needs to know if the property is worth the amount that you want to borrow. A lender wants to make sure they can recoup the value of the home if you default on your loan. Typically the appraisal fee will run between $300 to $400. A home inspection is required when getting a mortgage. A lender wants to make sure the home is structurally sound and in good enough shape to live in. A home inspection fee usually runs between $300 to $500.

Other fees included are loan-related fees. First, there is the application fee which covers the costs of processing your application. These costs usually include credit checks and administrative expenses. Assumption fees can also be included when there is an assumable mortgage that you are taking over from the seller. Many states will require the use of an attorney at the closing. This will add attorney

fees which will vary depending on the amount of work the attorney does for you. Pre-paid interest fees are also included. Lenders typically require you to pay the interest that accrues on the mortgage between the date of settlement and the first monthly payment due date. The biggest chunk of loan-related fees goes to the loan origination fee a.k.a the underwriting fee, administrative fee, or processing fee. This fee is the cost for the evaluating and preparing of your mortgage loan. This cost is about 0.5% of the loan amount. Just like a realtor, if you work with a mortgage broker, there will be a fee. A broker commission will usually be about 0.5% to 2.75% off the home’s purchase price.

Mortgage insurance fees are also included. These include mortgage insurance application fees, upfront mortgage insurance and FHA, VA and USDA fees. Mortgage insurance application fees are included if you make a downpayment of less than 20% of your mortgage. Upfront mortgage fees are there because many lenders require first-time borrowers to pay the first year mortgage insurance premium upfront. FHA, VA, and USDA fees will be tacked on if the Federal Housing Administration insures you, Department of Veterans Affairs, or the U.S. Department of Agriculture. For an FHA you will pay 1.75% of the loan amount, for the VA loan you will pay between 1.25% to 3.3% and the USDA will cost 1%.

Property taxes, annual fees and insurance will also need to be considered. Property taxes will cost about two months’ worth of city and county property taxes at closing. The homeowners association fees will also be required upfront as well as the homeowner’s insurance premium.

When purchasing a home one of the most important documents handled is the title. Title fees include the search fee (to make sure the title is clean and the seller really owns the property), the lender’s title insurance (this protects the lender in case there is an error in the title search) and owner’s title insurance (this protects the buyer if the title comes up with any problems).

So there will be no surprises before you go to closing, mortgage documents will be given to you prior to closing. The loan estimate and the closing disclosure are the two most important. The loan estimate details all the fees, interest rate and other closing costs for your loan and the closing disclosure confirms what was written in the loan estimate. These documents need to be read carefully before you go to closing.

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Too Little or Too Much….

When purchasing a home, the majority of homebuyers will purchase using a mortgage. Your credit and your down payment will affect your monthly payment and mortgage rate. The more you put down the lower your monthly payment will be making it easier to build more equity in a shorter amount of time. Although this is a plus, it can back-fire when a homeowner puts down most of their savings on a down payment leaving no funds for home maintenance or emergencies.

“There’s really no one-size-fits-all solution,” says Jason Speciner, a certified financial planner in Fort Collins, Colorado.

Find a happy balance. Figure out how much you can put down to lower payments without leaving the finances high and dry for those upgrades, maintenance issues, life emergencies or life in general. Here are a few pointers to follow when deciding the amount to put down on a home.

Do the benefits outweigh the negatives? Future homeowners are surprised at the differences in the monthly mortgage payments when calculating different down payment amounts. If a higher down

payment would mean a borrower could avoid mortgage insurance this would definitely be a plus. Mortgage insurance is a monthly expense added on top of the monthly mortgage payment making it a much slower process of building equity. There are times when a higher down payment does not reap any benefits. If it leaves a future homeowner strapped for cash it is just not worth it. If someone just needs to put down 3% for a conventional loan but tries to scrape together 5% to lower the monthly payment it just doesn’t make enough difference and cannot be justified if it leaves a future homeowner strapped.

Always be mindful of the effects a higher down payment will have on your financial plan. According to the Bank of the West’s 2018 Millennial Study, 29% of homeowners between the ages of 21 to 34 borrowed from their retirement accounts to make a large down payment on a home. Taking from Peter to pay Paul is not always the greatest solution. Taking money from your 401(k) is definitely risky. If you loose your job, the money must be put back into the 401(k) before the next yearly tax filing or it will be treated as ordinary income with a 10% penalty. An Roth IRA is not as risky, but when taking out money from your IRA you are losing tax-free growth.

Always expect the unexpected. You always want a cushion to fall back on. Leave some cash in the bank for emergencies. Sadly NerdWallet’s 2019 Home Buyer Report, says that 34% of recent first-time home buyers feel they are no longer financially secure after purchasing their home. Homownership includes many expenses that first time homebuyers might not have planned for. Do not drain your savings on a down payment and closing costs.

Speciner says it best, “Emergency reserves are for ‘Oh, shoot’ moments.”


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